The oldest form of printing, in letterpress printing ink is applied to the raised portions of a metal or hard plastic plate which is then pressed on the paper or other substrate. It is a type of relief printing. Mostly replaced by offset printing and other processes, letterpress printing is still used for some newspapers, books, and limited edition prints. Letterpress printing may also be used for producing small quantities of business cards, letterhead, posters, and some forms. The practice of letterpress printing is kept alive by both hobbiests and small letterpress shops. It can provide a unique, high-quality alternative for your print projects. |
Thermography produces raised printing similar in appearance to engraving but using a different process. In thermography, a special powder is added to the ink printed on the paper. The printed piece is heated and the powder and ink mixture dries to form a raised effect on the paper. Examples: Thermography is often used in place of the more expensive engraving process to produce wedding invitations, business cards, and letterhead. |
In engraving, a metal die with an impression cut into the surface is filled with an opaque engraving ink then pressed against paper creating raised areas of the paper coated with ink. Engraving creates the raised surface on the front of the paper. |
| Unlike relief and intaglio printing where the image to be printed is raised above or sunk below the surface of the printing plate, in lithography the printing surface is flat with both image and non-image areas at the same level on the printing plate. Invented in 1798 by Alois Senefelder, lithography uses the fact that oil and water don't mix as the basis of the printing process. A flat stone such as limestone or a metal plate is treated so that the image area attracts oil-based inks and the wet non-image areas repel the oil-based inks. Examples: Lithography may be used in fine art printmaking. Offset lithography, one of the most commonly used commercial printing processes for most desktop publishing projects, uses the lithographic process. |